Retaining means for fire walls of furnaces



Patented pr. 23, 1935 RETAINING MEANS Fon FIRE WALLS F FURNACES Arthur C. Pacific, Detroit, Mich.

Application April 3, 1934, Serial No. 718,793

Claims.

This invention relates to retaining means for the fire walls of furnaces, a`s for instance in boiler settings, forging furnaces and various places where a re wall is subjected to high temperature '.55 and through successive heating and cooling tends to become distorted and displaced.

It has been the practice heretofore to provide a rire Wall within an outer supporting wall and to provide a retainer element extending from the outer to the inner lire wall but previous fastening means do not provide for latitudeof movement of the fire wall due to expansion and contraction without distortion or displacement of the holding means.

The present invention is directed more rspecifically to a holding means that permits variation in position of the portion thereof securedin or to the i'ire wall and relative to a portion thereof secured to the outer supporting wall.

The invention is also directed to holding means for the arch of the ring chamber of a furnace or the arch over the opening to a furnace or wherever an'arch is to be positionedjand submitted to valhigh temperature tending through repeated liring and consequent heating and cooling to crack and become displaced and thus causel a shut-down of the furnace for repair.

These and other objects and theseveral novel features of -the invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and the preferred form of constructionof a fire wall and non-bindingr retaining means therefor is hereinafter more fully described and claimed,` and the preferred form of construction of such retaining means for rire walls or arches is shown in the accompanying drawing in whichy Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a portion of a boiler settingf showing myV improved retaining means.

Fig. 2 is a section of a lire wall and an outer supporting Wallin spaced relation therewith, it being an enlarged view of similar walls shown in Fig. 1 and showing more fully my retaining means.

Fig. 3 is a detail in section showing the latitude of movement of the parts of the retaining element on an enlarged scale and exaggerated in degree.

Fig. 4 is a View showing adjacent lire walls of a 'pair of furnaces andan arrangement of my holding means in respect thereto.

Fig. 5 is a sectional View showing a portion of anarch of a furnace and the application of my -retaining means to such structure.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a holding tile shown in section in Fig. 5. y

Fig. 7 is an end view of a tile and supporting element shown in Fig. 5.

In the usual furnaces, especially furnaces which are submitted to comparatively high temperature as for instance the boiler structure shown in Fig. 5 1, there is usually an outerV wall I extending around the firing chamber which is formed with the re brick walls 2. The re wall is in spaced relation with the outer wall, hereinafter sometimes termed the cold wa and in such con- 10 struction the space between the cold wall l and the hot wall 2 is open at the bottom as at 3 to a flow of air from atmosphere to between the walls, the air escaping at the top through an aperture (not shown). In this manner the wall l and the 15 portions of the retaining means in said space therebetween are cooled to a considerable degree, at least to such degree as to soften the same.

My improved holding means consists essentially of a tile or fire brick 4` set in the lire wall 2 which, as shown in Fig. 1, is formed of fire brick and which, as indicated in Fig. 2, may be of monolithicL reproof construction, it being immaterial to this invention whether the fire wall be monolithic in character or formed of re brick 25 or tile. The retaining tile or brick are arranged in vertically spaced relation in the form of the furnace shown in Fig. 1 and are set intothe wall and have a projecting portion at 5 formed with an aperture 6 extending vertically therethrough. 30 This aperture isl of least diameter midway of the sides of the brick and the'openings through the ropposite faces of the brick are of greater diameter thus forming an aperture with curved walls. In the4 outer cold Wall I is introduced a rod I hav- 35 ing the innerv and upturned end 8 extending upwardly in the aperture 6 to above the narrow point thereof. When originally set, the upturned portion 8 preferably engages the outer face of the opening, that is, the face toward the 40 cold Wall. These bolts may be secured in any approved manner in the cold wall and are preferably provided with a washer 9 and nut l0 on the threaded end thereof on the exterior of the wall l. The wall l, dueto beingexposed directly 4 to atmosphere 'on its outer surface and to a ow kof comparatively cold air from atmosphere on the inner surface, does not tend to become distorted through iniiuence of the heat from the firing chamber but the wall 2 of the firing chamber, which issubjected to an excessive heat, tends to raise or lower or twist out of shape. The'purpose of this invention is to provide a means to sustain this fire wallv from collapse by retaining 2 'mesme it substantially in its original position relative to the cold wall.

As will be understood from Fig. 3 that, if this wall tends to twist as is shown by the dotted lines II, the brick does not become disengaged with the end 8 of the bolt 1. On the contrary, the bolt continues to function as a secure retaining device irrespective of the variation in position of the retaining tile through'the usual distortions of the wall occurring through repeated heating and cooling. This twist of the wall, as indicated by the dotted lines II in Fig. 3, islan` exaggerated condition and it will be likewise understood that the wall may merely expandV in a manner to raise the holding brick 4 somewhat above the position shown in Fig. Z--orit also maylower somewhat from such position. The upv-- turned end 8 is therefore of a length sufcientto permit such variation in position of the brick without release from the end 8. v

The projecting end 5 of therbrick is spaced Yfrom the outer wall I a distance'y slightly greater lthan the space between the vend B of the rod 'land the smalle'r'diameter portion of the opening 6 and therefore the brick or tile 4 may move laterally to an extent permitted by the'differencein the size of the diameter of the central portionV of the opening 6 and diameter of the end' without the end of the brick contacting the external wall I. Thus there is a secure attachment ofthe fire wall 2 to the external or cold wall I inall ofthe positions usually assumed by the brick '4' due to expansion lor contraction of the wall under the influence of the heating and cooling of' the furnace.

Furnaces are often built in multiple in which case a fire wallof one, as for instance I2 of Fig. 4, is adjacent a firewall I3 ofthe next furnace of a series and in such multiple structure there is no cold wall between the adjacent fire wall of two furnaces and as one furnace might be in operation and another not in operati'ona'n'd further, due to the fact that even though both are in operation for a period and then out-of operation for a period, the fire walls of such furnaces,

Yas for instance the walls I3 and lIII Yare subject to expansion and contractionand'to retain these walls rfrom material relative displacement through such expansion or contraction,'.1 provide a fire brick 4e similar in all respects to the fire brick 4 of Fig. 2, in thewall ISand a similar aligned brick 4b in the wall .I2 which project into. the space between` the walls I2 and I3 and the ends thereof are spaced apart as at' I4. The brick has the same characterof openi'n'gindicated at Ia as is Vshown in the'section Io'f 'Figi 2 and the end of the brick on the upper side' is formed with a groove i5. These two bricks!a and 4b are connected by a U rod I6 having' its ends extending downwardly from the upper'slde ofthe brick into? the apertures 6a and`6b of the said bricks. The body I5 of the rod liesl in the groove I5 but the groove may-be dispensed'with if desired inasmuch asV the ends thereof extending through the apertures will hold thereonnecting element I6 in place; In this arrangement the bricks 4a and 4b may move relatively vertically in position due to vinfluence oftheY heating and cooling or the heating of one while the other is cold and under any such usual condition of variation in position the connecting element I6 securely holds the walls in-position. l

My improved holding` means for a nre wall may beapplied to a furnace arch .which may be a flat arch or curved as occasion may require and for carry the' strain.'

integralassoeiation with' th this purpose, I provide the usual eye beam or railroad rail I1 shown in Fig. 5 which extends across the top of the furnace for each course of the brick, one course being shown in Fig. 5 as being formed of a series of brick I8. The metal holding element I9 has a U end portion 20 shown in Fig. "I that may slide on the lower anges of the rail I1 as shown in Fig. '7. The tile I8 have the aperture 2I corresponding to theaperture 6 of the-"brick 4- in Fig. 2 being of the same shape in cross section. The side face of the brick is cut away providing a recess 22 as shown in Fig. 6 and-to this recess in the face of the brick the aperture 2I opens. This recess 22 in two adjacent bricks I8, provides space for the body portion offthe'metal retainer I9 as will be seen in Fig.y 5 and the member I9 has a transversely extendingV portion 23 which extends each way from the body thereof into the aperture 2l of the two adjacent bricks which are thus sustained in position under thedistortionsA occurring in the` repeated heating and cooling of the arch;v The two brick associated with asingle metal retainer may be folded together after the manner of the leaves of a book wlierrassemblingl thesarnen on this member lg'andwhen the archis' completed the b rickare heldtogether and prevented from opening sufficiently to release the brick from the retaining member I9.

As' the retaining elements I!!A areA Vslidably niounted'on the'member I1 there can be'some displacement thereof relative to the rails I1 Aunder the pressures imposed'thereon in distortion of the arch VKunder heat and thus, in conjunction`- with the size 'of' the opening 2I of the kbrick in'respect to the diameter' of the portions 23 ofthe member I9 'extending thereinto, there is considerable latitude of movementv of the brick'up or down or laterallyl without release of' the'holding means and thus' the arch is held in place under the normal conditions 'of use.

It will be noted that, by providing theV Vaper' tures'in the' brick, thej entire end'of the brick will Ithas' sometimes been the practice'to make a T slot inthe endof the 'brick' thus providing'two'lips which in practice have been foundv to readily break off but with my construe-- tion and'dueto the position of thea'perture` in the'bo'dy'of the lbrick lthere is suiiicient stock in e body of the brick to'preventgsu'ch breaking outof'the endthereof and' one of thefe'at'ures` of this invention isito provide 'a brick' of this character of construction and association with a retaining member ex'- 'tending' into' 'the aperture'of a characterV to'pern ywouidbe impossible to hold the fire wanfby a solideleinent'extending from the cold-wall into lthe' re Wall.'- vquickly'c'au'se distortion of the furnace Wall than 'if no'retainer' element were providedfof such lat- Such' arrangement would' more ter construction. However, by providing fora latitude of Arr'iovement of the wall through expansion and` contraction without rigidly connecting the binding tile to the coldwall, I secure a construction that'is highly efficient in use, that is inexpensive in character providing for a comparatively longlife of the furnace and secure'a construction attaining the various objects of `the invention.

Having thus briefly described' 'my' invention,

what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is- 1. A retaining means for connecting a re wall of a furnace with a spaced exterior wall comprising a series of re brick secured in the re wall and in spaced relation vertically and horizontally, said re brick extending beyond the outer face of the iire wall toward and in spaced relation with the exterior wall, said extending portion of the fire brick having an aperture, and an element secured to the said exterior wall and having a portion thereof extending into the aperture and of less cross sectional area than the aperture, the said brick and said element being unattached thereby permitting a variation in the position of the lire brick through expansion or contraction of the fire wall and restraining the re wall from deformation. Y

2. A means for connecting the fire wall of a furnace with a spaced exterior wall comprising a lire brick built into the fire wall and having a portion extending beyond the exterior face of the iire wall toward and in spaced relation with the exterior wall, said extending portion of the brick having an aperture extending therethrough from side to side, the aperture being-of smallest diameter approximately midway between the two ends y and of greatest diameter at the respective opposite faces of the brick, and a metal element for securing in the outer wall and having a right angle portion extending into the aperture from oneV side to beyond the portion of smallest diameter and providing a construction permitting the brick to move from a plane at a right angle to the said end of the metal member to a plane at less angle thereto one side or the other of the said right angle position, said arrangement providing a construction permitting variation in position of the brick in respect to the said end portion of the securing element.

3. A retaining means for the fire wall of a furnace comprising a re brick having the body portion thereof mounted in the fire wall and an extending portion having an aperture extending vertically therethrough, and a retainer element for association therewith, comprising a metal rod like element for securing in a xed position, aportion of which extends intothe aperture of the brick, the cross sectional area of the aperture at any point being greater than the cross sectional area of the portion of the element extending thereinto and providing for a limited universal movement of the brick both in a horizontal and vertical plane. Y

4. A retaining means for the fire wall of a furnace subjected to high temperature comprising a fire brick forming a part of the fire wall, the brick each having an opening extending therethrough from one side to the other, and an element for limiting movement of the brick through expansion or contraction of the re wall, comprising a securing means attached to a xed support exteriorly of the fire wall at one end and extending between adjacent brick at the opposite end, said securing means extending between adjacent brick into the apertures of the adjacent brick, said apertures being of least diameter intermediate the side walls of the brick and of greatest diameter at the said opposite walls providing a construction in which the brick may turn on an axis to a limited degree and may move in its plane or in a direction at an angle to its plane.

5. A retaining means for the spaced re walls of adjacent furnaces comprising a re brick secured in each .of the said walls in opposed relation, said brick extending into the space between the said re walls and terminating in spaced relation, the extending portions of each of the said brick having apertures extending therethrough, the apertures of the two bricks being in parallel relation, and a U shaped retainingV element of metal having the legs thereof extending into the apertures and the body thereof being positioned on the upper faces of the contiguous ends of the brick.

ARTHUR C. PACIFIC. 

